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The Gods
The following is a list of the Gods worshipped by the 'Germanic peoples'; I have tried to make it as comprehensive as possible & include a brief description of each, but would direct you to the links on this site for more in-depth information.
This list includes Gods worshipped by 'Germanic' tribes such as the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Frisians, Danes, Swedes, Norse, Finns, Lapps & Baltic peoples etc. The reason is to try to give you some idea of their beliefs, their similarities, and thereby their kinship. I also hope to show how the Gods helped determine their whole way of life, and enable you to gain a better understanding of them, and your culture.
The Gods were basically split into two main groups, the Æsir, aka Ese (the group of Gods most recognised by modern society), and the Vanir, aka Wen (these were considered the bringers of health, youth, fertility, luck, wealth & masters of magic). A war between them ended with a peace treaty where hostages were exchanged.
The following were members of the Æsir:
The following are those members of the Vanir that are now known:
The Asynjur was the collective name for the Goddesses of the Æsir.
Almost all the Æsir are said to be fated to be slain at Ragnarok.
The following list is in alphabetical order to enable you to find a paticular God more easily. It is most certainly not in order of importance (as will be apparent).
Ægir
aka, Eagor, Hler, Gymir
The Sea God, husband of Rag, father of nine daughters (the nine waves), the pesonification of the Ocean and possibly a Þyr, belonging to an older genaration of Gods than either the Æsir or Vanir. His hall, at the oceans bed by the island of Hlesy, was a neutral place for the Gods to meet. His father was Mistarblindi, his brothers were Logi (fire, Loki?) & Kari (air), his sister (& wife) was Rag, and his nine daughters were, Himinglæva, Dufa, Blodughadda, Hefring, Unn, Hronn, Bylgia, Bara & Kolga. He would brew a magic mead for the Gods (after being outwitted by Þunor into providing it), who every winter visited his Hall where they would drink from cups that would magically refill. Gold was embedded in the floor to provide light (gold is known as Ægir's fire), and his two main servants were Frimafeng & Eldir. After Bealdor's death, Loki came to Ægir's Hall, where the Gods were gathered, & proceeded to insult them, knowing that as Ægir's Hall was a place of sanctuary, they could not attack him. When Ægir rose from the sea, it was for a single purpose, the destruction of ships, therefore prisoners would be sacrificed to him to ensure a calm voyage.
Akka
Finnish Goddess, wife of Ukko
Andhrimnir
Cook of the Gods & the fallen warriors in Valhöll
Husband of Nott & father of Earth
Astrild
Goddess of love
Atla
Water Goddess & daughter of Rag & Ægir
Aud
Son of Nott & Naglfari
Aurvandil
aka, Orwandil, Earendel, Horwendil
The Bold, husband of Geofon, whilst crossing the frozen poisonous rivers with Þúnor his toe froze solid, Þúnor broke it off & threw it into the sky creating the star 'Aurvandil's Toe' (Alcor in the Big Dipper, Rigel in Orion was his other toe). He was the son of Gerwendil & brother of Feng, in the history of the Danes he was the King of Jutland & a Viking. He slew the King of Norway by hacking off his foot, he then marries Rorik's (King of the Danes) daughter Geruða. Their son was Amleð (Hamlet), Feng his brother slays him & then marries Geruða, & we all know what happens then thanks to the works of William Shakespeare.
Baduhenna
Goddess of battle
Bara
Daughter of Ægir, one of the nine waves
Bealdor
aka, Balder, Baldr, Baldur
Son of Woden & Frige, husband of Nanna, father of Forseti, slain by his brother Hodr with a dart made of mistletoe. His name means 'Warrior' and is found a few times in Anglo Saxon literature (including Beowulf). There are very few places named after him and there's no real evidence of his worship. To make things even more confusing there are conflicting sagas about him. In Icelandic sources he appears as a God, he's the son of Wóden and Fríge and much-loved of the Gods, brave, wise, and pure of heart. Some other sagas, give an entirely different picture of him, casting him as a demigod, the son of Wóden by a mortal woman (not unusual as most Germanic kings traced their descent from Wóden). He's also portrayed as selfish, devious, and wholly wanton. It would seem Bealdor has developed along tribal or political lines. For the Norwegians he appears to of been a hero, being later deified. For the Danes he was a villain who would never see the Halls of the Gods. To most however he is one of the Æsir, handsome, wise & known as the God of Light. He lived in Breidarlik (The Broad-Gleaming), which had a roof of silver sat on golden pillars. He has a foreboding dream, causing Woden, his father, to ride to Hel's realm to wake Volua (a Norn) from the dead to decypher it. She foretells Bealdor's death by Hodr his fraternal twin. Fríge, his mother, makes all living things swear not to harm him but forgets the mistletoe. Loki, who is jealous of Bealdor, disguised as an old woman, visits her & discovers this secret. Then, during a game where the Gods throw things at Bealdor (they found it amusing as nothing could harm him), Loki tricks the blind God Hodr into throwing a dart made of mistletoe, which then kills Bealdor. Nanna his wife dies of a broken heart & is burned with him on his funeral ship Hringhorni (along with an unlucky Dweorgh who Þúnor kicks in at the last minute). Hermod then rides to Hel's realm to get her to agree to return Bealdor to life, which she will do only on the condition if all things would weep for him. Unfortunately a giantess named Þokk (Loki in disguise) refuses, so he must remain in Helheim. He will rise again after Ragnarok to rule jointly over the new world. (Remind you of something?)
Beldegg
Son of Woden who became the King of West Saxony
Beyla
Wife of Byggvir, maiden of Fréo, she protects dairy workers, mead & ale, possibly an Ælf.
Bil
Daughter of Vidfinn & sister of Hjuki. It is said that as Bil & Hjuki were leaving a well called Byrgir, carrying a pail named Sæg, on a pole called Simul, they were abducted from the earth by the moon. She is also called the Goddess of weaving, as she is said to weave destiny.
Blodughadda
Daughter of Ægir, one of the nine waves
Bragi
Son of Woden & Gunlod, God of poetry & eloquence, married to Idun. He is the chief poet of Woden & said to be very wise, with runes cut upon his tounge. He lives in Valhöll with Woden, during the feast in Asgard attended by Ægir, it is Bragi who tells him the tales of the Gods.
Brono
Son of Bealdor, the pesonification of daylight
Byggvir
God of mead & ale, the husband of Beyla, possilby an Ælf.
Bylgia
Daughter of Ægir, one of the nine waves
Dagur
aka Dagr
Son of Delling & Nott, the personification of day, his chariot is pulled through the sky by the horse Skinfaxi, whose shining mane illuminates the sky.
Delling
The personification of twilight, the husband of Nott & father of Dagur
Dufa
Daughter of Ægir, one of the nine waves
Earth
Son of Nott & Annar
Egil
Son of Wade, brother of Welund & Slagfid, takes the Swan Princess Olrun as wife, when she returns to Mirkwood, he searches the east for her.
Einmyria
Daughter of Loki & Glut, sister of Eisa
Eir
Member of the Æsir, Goddess of medicine, she taught women the lore of healing, lived at Lyfjaberg (Hill of Healing)
Eisa
Daughter of Loki & Glut, sister of Einmyria
Elli
Goddess of old age, she defeated Þúnor in a wrestling match
Éostre
In De Temporum Ratione, Bede states that the Englisc Eostermonað, (around March/April) was named after the goddess Éostre, to whom the Anglo-Saxons sacrificed during that month. The Christian attempt to eradicate her failed so they have 'hijacked' her worship. Goddess of the dawn, & the begining of Sumor, she brings the renewal of life. Éostre does not seem to have been known in Scandinavia and Iceland, as there seems to be no trace of her name. It's possible she was known to the them under another name, the Goddess Idun mentioned in the Eddas as guarding the apples of immortality might be her, as she also appears to deal in the renewal of life.
Feng
Brother of Aurvandil
Fjorgyn
aka Jord, Jorð
One of the Earth Mothers, mother of Frige & Þunor
Forseti
aka, Forseta, Fosite
God of justice, son of Bealdor & Nanna. He does not appear anywhere as a God in Englisc, but due to his similarity to Néorðr, it is possible that he was worshipped by the Anglo-Saxons. He was the much-loved god of the ancient Frisians, and these later migrated to Britain with the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. His name means "he who presides". He was it seems less important to the Old Norse as references to him are rare.
Fréa
aka, Freyr, Frey, Ingui, Volsi, Yngvi
Brother of Fréo & son of Njord, a God of fertility, the weather, & peace. He was the husband of the beautiful Frost Þyr Gerda, and originally one of the Vanir, he rules over Alfheim. He is often mentioned in Old Norse sources, and possibly remembered in the Englisc Rune Poem's verse for Ing, the genealogy for the Kings of Bernicia (an Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of North England, where Ingui is listed), and he is the ancestor God of the Angles. Places were named after him in both England and Scandinavia. To make peace, the Æsir & Vanir exchanged hostages, Njörðr, Fréo & Fréa were sent by the Vanir to dwell with the Æsir. His ship, Skidbladnir, which was made by the Dweorghs, could sail on sea, land & air, it could hold all the Gods but was capable of being folded up to fit in a pocket. His chariot, also made by the Dweorghs, was drawn by two boars called Slidrugtanni & Gullinbursti. He sent his servant Skirnil to win Gerda's hand in marriage, who agreed to give herself to Fréa in nine nights at the Forest Barri. At Ragnarok, Fréa will be slain by the Fire Þyr Surt. He is said to be the progenitor of the Swedish Royal Line, a statue of Fréa stood in the temple at Uppsala.
Fréo
aka, Freyja, Freya, Heid (Bright One)
Daughter of the Sea God Njörðr & sister of Fréa, a fertility Goddess as well as of war, originally one of the Vanir, & a sourceress, she shares the heroic dead with Woden, half going to Valhöll with him, the other half going to her hall Sessrumnir. She has places named after her in both England and Scandinavia and turns up in the Old Norse sources more than any other Goddess. Her husband was Od (some say Woden) & her daughters are Gersemi & Hnoss (who is so beautiful that everything valuable & lovely is named after her 'treasure'). She lives in Folkvang (battlefield) when she lost her husband Od, she is said to of cried golden tears. Her chariot is drawn by male cats & she ownes the precious Brisings' necklace (for which she slept with four Dweorghs to acquire), & a feather coat (which allows her to fly between worlds). When she went to live with the Æsir as a hostage, she taught them Seidr (sourcery, including Woden).
Fríge
aka, Frigg, Friga, Saga, Frigga, Fricka, Frija
Daughter of Fjorgyn and wife of Woden. She is the Goddess of the earth, atmosphere, and fertility (similar to Fréo possilby a shared origin), she spins long pearly webs of cloud from her jewelled distaff (the constellation Frigg's Spinning Wheel). She is worshiped as one of the 'Earth Mothers', her symbol being a sheath of corn and the Gera rune. She is seldom mentioned in Old Norse, never the less, places were named after her in both England and Scandinavia along with the day Friday (Englisc = Frígesdæg). Also known as the Goddess of marriage, poetry & history, she lives in Fensalir (The Ocean Halls) also known as Sokkvabekk (Sunken Halls).
Fulla
aka, Volla
Fríge's maid & messenger, a virgin with long golden hair who wore a gold band (possibly representing the binding round a sheaf, making her a fertility Goddess). When Hermod rode to Hel to plea for Bealdor, Nanna gave him a gold ring to give to Fulla.
Geofon
aka, Gefjun, Gefjon, Groa, Gefion, Geffinn
Goddess of fertility & agriculture, her name appears as a word for the sea in Englisc. The prophetic virgin Goddess, all women who die virgins go to her Hall. In the Prose Edda, Gefjun came to King Gylfi of Sweden disguised as an old beggar woman. She amused him so well that he offered her as much land as she could plough with four oxen in a day. She turned her four sons (not a virgin in this myth then) into oxen and hitched them to a plough, she then ploughed so deep and hard that she dragged the land to a sound west of Sweden. She then fixed the land so that it wouldn't move and named it Zealand (a present day Danish territory). Seeing as this myth deals as much with the sea as the land, and that she was worshipped in Denmark (the area from where the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes originated), it's seems probable that Geofon was worshipped by the Anglo-Saxons as her name later became another name for the sea.
Gersemi
Daughter of Fréo
Gerwendil
Mother of Aurvandil & Feng
Glen
Husband of Sol.
Gná
Hand maiden of Frige.
Gullveig
Sorceress & seeress with a lust for gold, she angers the Gods with her greed and the Æsir try to burn her to death causing the first known war with the Vanir.
Hefring
Daughter of Ægir, one of the nine waves
Heimdallr
aka, Heimdall, Rig
The guardian of Bifröst (the Rainbow bridge) he keeps watch for the coming of the Þyrs, when he will sound his horn Gjallar. The enemy of Loki, in Old Norse a myth refers to a battle between Heimdallr and Loki (in the form of seals) over a gem called the "sea kidney" (identified with Fréo's necklace, Brísingamen), at Ragnarok he & Loki are doomed to slay each other. He dwells in Himinbjorg (Heavenly Mountains), & the nine sisters (Æ'gir's daughters) are said to of given birth to him. As Rig he sires Þrall, Karl & Jarl (the three classes of men, slave, freeman & noble). The poem Béowulf relates to a tale where a hero named Hama rescued a necklace called Brosinga mene, this is probably Englisc for Fréo's necklace, & Hama is the God Heimdallr.
Hermod
Son of Woden & Frige, brother of Bealdor, he is the divine messenger, who is sent to bargain with Hel for the life of Bealdor after he is slain
Himinglæva
Daughter of Ægir, one of the nine waves
Hjuki
Brother of Bil, he is abducted by the moon along with his sister
Hlin
The Goddess of consolation, handmaiden to Fríge, she brings relief to mourners
Hnoss
Daughter of Fréo
Hodr
aka, Hoder, Hodur, Hod
Son of Woden & Frige, brother of Bealdor, the blind God of darkness & winter who slew Bealdor with a dart made of mistletoe after being tricked by Loki, he was sent to the realm of the dead as punishment (some versions say they were rivals for Nanna thus Hod slays Bealdor & in turn is slain by Vali), after Ragnarok the brothers will return from the realm of the dead reconciled to the new world.
Holler
God of death & destruction, the bringer of desease & disasters, he drags murderers, traitors & those people who lack honour to his dungeon & tortures them to death. Tales of him are usurped by the Christians & attributed to Satan.
Honir
aka, Hœnir
Brother of Woden, a long-legged, & indecisive God. He was sent as hostage, along with Mimir, to the Vanir as part of the exchange of hostages. But, because of his silence on subjects he was questioned on, due to his Indecisiveness, he was deemed to be of no use to them in counsel. Annoyed by this indecisiveness & his constant habit of relying on Mimir they behead he brother, and fellow hostage, Mimir in anger. Honir is destined to survive Ragnarok & rule in the New World
Hreða
Possibly a War Goddess as Hreða means 'fame' or 'honour', sacrifices were made to her during the month named after her, Hreþmonað the last month of winter (the eternal battle against the Frost Þyrs?).
Hronn
Daughter of Ægir, one of the nine waves
Idun
aka, Iðunn, Iþunn, Idunnor, Iduna
The Rejuvenating One who guarded the apples of youth. Goddess of youth, married to Bragi, Loki lures her to the Þyr Þiazi (disguised as an eagle) who kidnaps her, taking her to his home Þrymheim in the mountains of Jotunheim. This causes the Gods to lose their immortality so they force Loki to bring her back. When Þiazi tries to recapture her he is slain by the Æsir, his daughter Skadi then comes to avenge his death.
Juksakka
Lapp Goddess, daughter of Madder-Atcha & Madder-Akka, the Goddess who ensure male births
Jumala
The Finnish creator God
Kied Kie Jubmel
Lord of the herds. Stone God worshipped by the Lapps
Kolga
Daughter of Ægir, one of the nine waves
Laga
Friend of Woden, Goddess of wells & springs
Leib-Olmai
aka, Alder Man
Lapp Bear God
Lofn
aka, Sjofn
Member of the Æsir, she is the Goddess of matchmaking, love & passion
Logi
Brother of Ægir, possibly another name for Loki
Loki
aka, Lopt, Satære (confounded with Saturn, prototypes of Satan)
Son of Farbauti & Laufery, the mischief-maker, trickster, and shape-changer. 'Germanic' God of agriculture, fire & cunning. A Þyr who became a member of the Æsir when Woden makes him his blood brother. After causing Bealdor's death he's bound by the Gods to a rock, his face turned towards the mouth of a viper which drips venom upon him, he is doomed to stay bound until Ragnarok, when he will be freed. One of the major characters in the Icelandic sagas whose behaviour seems a bit erratic. He is either a good natured trickster (getting the Gods into trouble, but eventually helping them), or a malicious creature who commits acts of evil against the Gods (ultimately siding with the Þyrs against them). The Eddas and Saxo Grammaticus refer to a Þyr named Utarðaloki, who's antagonistic towards the Gods. Perhaps Loki & Utarðaloki became confused, myths once attributed to Utarðaloki may of been credited to Loki.
Loðurr
An obsure God who is given the task to animate the first humans in the Voluspa.
Luonnotar
Finnish creator Goddess
Madder-Akka
Creator Goddess of the Lapps
Madder-Atcha
Creator God of the Lapps
Magni
Son of Þúnor & Jarnsaxa, brother of Modi, renowned for his vast strength, he will inherit Þúnor's hammer along with his brother after Ragnarok
Mani
The personification of the moon, son of Mundilfari & brother of Sol. He rides a chariot through the sky determining the moons waxing & waning, he is chased by the wolf Hati (hate), whenever Hati catches him an eclipse would occur. He abducted Bil & Hjuki.
Meili
Son of Woden & Fjorgyn, brother of Þunor.
Menu
aka, Menulis
Baltic moon god, husband of Saule
Miming
A forest God
Mimir
The wise God sent by Woden to the Vanir who hacked his head of in anger & returned it to Woden, Woden smears magic herbs upon it so it never rots, and restores his power of speech, the head is placed by the magic well under Yggdrasil, Woden later sacrifices an eye to drink from this well enabling himself to gain knowledge.
Modi
Son of Þúnor & Jarnsaxa, brother of Magni, he will inherit Þúnor's hammer along with his brother after Ragnarok. He is the God of 'Battle Wrath', worshipped by berserkers along with the Goddess Sif.
Naglfari
Husband of Nott & father of Aud
Nanna
Wife of Bealdor, she died of grief at his death, mother of Forseti
Narvi
aka, Nokkvi
Father of Nott, son of Loki & Sigyn, he is slain by his brother Vali and his entrails are used to bind his father Loki to a rock.
Nep
Mother of Nanna.
Nerþus
aka, Ingun, Erce, Nerthus
Mother Goddess, possilby the sister of Njorðr & mother of Fréa & Fréo. Earth Mother (in Englisc Eorþen Mordor) one of the most important Goddesses who brought fertility to the earth, worshiped at various times of the year during festivals, paticularly Solmonað.
Njorðr
aka, Neorð, Njord
Member of the Vanir, father of Fréa & Fréo, husband of Skadi. God of wind & sea, bestower of wealth, & protector of travelers. Sent as a hostage to the Æsir, Woden makes him a priest of sacrifices, making him ruler over growth, seasons & prosperity. He lives at Noatun (Harbour), his wife was the Þyr Skadi (who married him because of his beautiful feet), they live apart because they cannot decide in whose realm to dwell. His sister is Nerþus (who may have been Fréa & Fréo's mother). Scandinavia has many places named after him.
Nott
Personification of the night, daughter of Narvi, married three times, her first husband was Naglfari & their son was Aud, her second husband was Annar & their son was Earth, her third husband was Delling & their son was Dagur. She has a chariot which is pulled by the horse Hrimfaxi (frost-manned) which covers the earth with dew each morning.
Od
Husband of Fréo, possibly, according to some sources, another name for Woden.
Patollo
Baltic God of War
Perkuno
aka, Perkonis, Perkons, Perkunas
Baltic Thunder God
Rag
aka, Ran
Storm Goddess of the Sea, she gathers sailors in her drowining net, married to Ægir
Sarakka
Lapp Goddess, daughter of Madder-Atcha & Madder-Akka, Goddess of childbirth
Saule
Baltic Sun Goddess
Sceaf
A Child-God
Seaxneat
aka Saxnot
Unique to the Saxons, the 'Sword God' or 'Friend of the Saxons', said to be the son of Woden & Frige. In Essex he remained the major God, modern day counties in England, such as Essex still have swords as their symbols. A dance involving swords was part of ceremonies associated with him, possibly the origins of 'Morris Dancing', which may be a toned down version more suitable to christian eyes. He was, along with Woden & Tiw one of the Gods the christians forced 'converts' to renounce. (This is surely whose name England's day should be named after, not some Georgian Christian called George).
Sif
Wife of Þúnor, with hair of gold, possibly a fertility Goddess & Goddess of battle frenzy, mother of Wuldor.
Sigyn
aka, Sigryn, Sigunn
Loyal wife of Loki, mother of Narvi and Vali, tries to catch the venom which drips upon the bound Loki's face, in a wooden bowl. When she goes to empty it, the venom drips upon Loki, causing him to shake violently, this is said to cause earthquakes.
Skadi
aka, Skade, Skaði
Goddess of skis or snow shoes, because she travelled on skis & carried a bow. Daughter of the Þyr Þiazi, who was the son of the rich Þyr Alvaldi. When he died Þiazi & his brothers, Idi & Gang, divided the inheritance each taking a large mouthful. After Þiazi was slain by the Æsir, Skadi went looking for vengence, so the Æsir offered her compensation by letting her choose a husband from the Gods. There was a catch though, she could only pick one by looking at their feet, she picked Njorðr, but thought she'd picked Bealdor. After discovering her mistake she demanded further compensation wanting the Æsir to make her laugh. Loki ties one end of a rope to a goat's beard & the other end to his testicles, he then pulls on the rope making them both bellow. After her marriage both Njorðr & herself could not decide on where to live so seperated. Some sources say she then became involved with Woden & bore him many sons. Skadi is said to be the one who positions the venomous snake above Loki's head after he is bound.
Slagfid
Son of Wade, brother of Welund & Egil, he takes the Swan Princess Swanwhite as wife, when she departs for Mirkwood, he searches the west for her.
Snotra
Goddess of virtue, self-discipline & wisdom
Sol
aka, Alfrodull
Personification of the sun, daughter of Mundilfari, married to Glen, & sister of Mani. She rides through the sky on a chariot pulled by the horses Alsvid (all swift) & Arvak (early riser), carrying the glowing orb(the sun), the Gods protect the earth from it's heat by placing the shield Svalin in front of it. She is chased by the wolf Skoll causing solar eclipses when caught.
Storjunka
God worshipped by the Swedes as the 'Great Lord', probably a regional name for Woden.
Tapio
Finnish Forest God
Þrud
Daughter of Þúnor, promised to the Dweorgh Alvis in marriage by the Gods.
Þunor
aka, Thor, Þorr, Donar, Thunoraz, Asa-Thor
Thunder/Weather God, son of Woden & Fjorgyn, bane of the Frost Þyrs, destined to die at Ragnarok after defeating Jormungand by drowing in it's venom. The most popular God among the ancient 'Germanic' peoples, he was married to Sif and had a magic hammer called Mjollnir, which was symbolic of lightning. He lives in Þruðheim (Land of Strength) in his hall Bilskinir. He rides across the sky in a chariot drawn by goats, this is the sound of thunder & called 'Þunorrad' (Thunder riding). His worship was popular among the Anglo Saxons, small amulets of Þunor's Hammer have been found in many grave sites (it's good to see this symbol is being used by Anglo-Saxon youth of today again), along with the runic symbol Fylfot (which was holy to the God throughout the Germanic world). Oak was associated with him as well and considered a sacred tree. England and Scandinavia have several places named after him as well as the fifth day of the week Þunresdæg(Thursday).
Tiw
Annar